What is a Turning Insert?

Turning is the most common process of metal cutting and is used to produce components cylindrical or rounded in nature, which are symmetric towards an axis. Some forms of turning operations are shown below, these include facing, taper, contour, form turning, chamfering, boring, drilling, etc. Turning basically involves a rotating workpiece with a stationary tool.

List of Helpful Tips to Choose the Right Turning Insert

Turning inserts are manufactured in a variety of shapes, sizes, and grades. The shapes may vary from rhombus, square, triangle to trigon, round, octagonal, etc. The sizes also vary according to the shapes and grades vary according to the brand.

Every turning insert has specification is governed by a standard nomenclature adopted across all brands. The nomenclature is a combination of letters and numbers and tells us a lot about the specification of the insert.

The above insert nomenclature is CNMG 12 04 08. Each letter and number is assigned a number for better understanding. Each letter and number specify the below:-

• Insert Shape
• Clearance angle
• Tolerance
• Type
• Size
• Thickness
• Nose radius

Below is a detailed view on the same.

#1)Insert Shape

The first letter in the insert nomenclature tells us about the shape of the insert. The shape may be round, diamond, square, rhombus, trigon, etc and are denoted by alphabets. Some of the commonly used insert shapes are listed below:-

C: Rhombic 80 degree

D: Rhombic 55 degree

K: Parallelogram 55 degree

R: Round

S: Square

T: Triangle

V: Rhombic 35 degree

W: Trigon

The shape of the insert is very important for the turning operation and not every insert shape can be replaced by the other.

As a general practice, C and W shapes are used for rough machining as they have a larger point angle which leads to more rigidity and can be used at high feed rates. Whereas D and V shapes are used for finishing as they have a smaller point angle, as a result, they have to increased reach for detailing of the workpiece, but they lack the rigidity of the former and thus have to be used at a slower feed rate.

#2)Clearance Angle

The second letter in the nomenclature denotes the clearance angle of the insert. The clearance angle prevents the insert from rubbing the component. The clearance angle is important, especially in internal turning and boring. If proper clearance is not chosen, the insert may rub with the component and not giving the desired result and leading to poor machining. The clearance angle is given as:-

B: Insert with 5-degree clearance

C: Insert with 7-degree clearance

E: Insert with 20-degree clearance

N: Insert with 0-degree clearance

P: Insert with 11-degree clearance

#3)Tolerance

The third letter gives us the tolerance of the insert. It specifies the tolerance of the insert length, inscribed circle, thickness, etc.

#4)Type

The fourth letter lets us about the type of hole and the chip breaker of the insert. 

A: Cylindrical hole

G: Cylindrical hole and Double-Sided Chip breaker

M: Cylindrical hole and Single-Sided Chip breaker

N: No hole and no Chip breaker

P: Cylindrical hole and Hi-Double-Positive Chip breaker

Q: 40-60° Double Countersink Hole

R: No-hole and Single-Sided Chip breaker

T: 40-60° Double Countersink Single-sided Chip breaker

W: 40-60° double countersink

X: Special Design

#5)Size

The numeric value of the insert specifies the length of the cutting edge of the insert.

#6)Thickness

This number denotes the thickness of the insert.

#7)Nose Radius

This number denotes the nose radius of the insert. Nose radius plays an important role in reducing the vibration and radial pressure. For minimum vibration, an insert with nose radius smaller than the depth of cut is selected.

Code     =         Radius Value

04           =         0.4

08           =         0.8

12           =          1.2

16           =          1.6

Advantages of Turning Insert

The advantages of the Turning Insert can be summed up as:

• No need to regrind a tool.
• Better metal removal rates.
• Lower costs, as there is no need of grinding wheel and the Turning insert are cheaper than brazed tip-tools.
• Higher efficiency and quality results.
• Exceptional resistance to abrasion.

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