What is a VFD- Variable Frequency Drive?

The basic function of a VFD, Variable Frequency Drive, is to control the speed (rpm) of an AC induction motor. VFD converts AC power into DC. It uses DC voltage to create DC pulses of varying frequency to run the output motor at a speed other than standard rpm at 2, 4, 6 and 8 poles.

Features of Variable Frequency Drive

The major features of a VFD are:-

• Non-emergency start and stop control,
• Acceleration and deceleration and
• Thermal overload protection.

Also, VFDs reduce the motor start-up in-rush current by gradually accelerating the motor. This makes VFDs suitable for applications like:-

• Conveyors,
• Fans and
• Water pumps that operate on controlled and reduced motor rpm.

While choosing a VFD, Variable Frequency Drive, several factors must be kept in mind apart from voltage and current requirements. The name should also be carefully decided as it is often called a variable speed drive, microdrive, adjustable speed drive, and frequency inverter.

Appropriate selection of a VFD is very important for the optimal operation of the motor system. In order to one must know

• the specified machinery type,
• the load torque characteristics,
• speed adjusting range,
• static speed accuracy,
• the starting torque and
• Protective structures of the VFD.

Also, it is advised to properly analyze the motor and system requirements that help in selecting a proper VFD.

Most of this information related to the motor can be found on the nameplate like:

• Horsepower
• Full Load Amps (FLA)
• Voltage
• RPM
• Service Factor
• Inverter Duty or not

Other information related to the needs of the control system and application are:-

• Type of Load: Constant Torque or Variable Torque
• Control Method and Speed Range
• Specific Enclosure Needs

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